$ npm init vue@latest

✔ Project name: … <your-project-name>
✔ Add TypeScript? … No/Yes
✔ Add JSX Support? … No/Yes
✔ Add Vue Router for Single Page Application development? … No/Yes
✔ Add Pinia for state management? … No/Yes
✔ Add Vitest for Unit testing? … No/Yes
✔ Add Cypress for both Unit and End-to-End testing? … No/Yes
✔ Add ESLint for code quality? … No/Yes
✔ Add Prettier for code formatting? … No/Yes

Scaffolding project in ./<your-project-name>...
Done.

$ cd <your-project-name>
$ npm install
$ npm run dev

$ npm run build

import { createApp, ref } from 'vue'

const app = createApp({
  setup() {
    const message = ref("Hello Vue3")
    return {
      message
    }
  }
})
app.mount('#app')

<div id="app">
  <button @click="count++">
    {{ count }}
  </button>
</div>

<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>
<div id="app">{{ message }}</div>
<script>
  const { createApp, ref } = Vue
  createApp({
    setup() {
      const message = ref("Hello Vue3")
      return {
        message
      }
    }
  }).mount('#app')
</script>

<div id="app">{{ message, ref }}</div>
<script type="module">
  import { createApp, ref } from 'https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.esm-browser.js'
  createApp({
    setup() {
      const message = ref("Hello Vue3")
      return {
        message
      }
    }
  }).mount('#app')
</script>

<span>Message: {{ msg }}</span>

<p>Using text interpolation: {{ rawHtml }}</p>
<p>Using v-html directive: <span v-html="rawHtml"></span></p>

<div v-bind:id="dynamicId"></div>

<div :id="dynamicId"></div>

<button :disabled="isButtonDisabled">
  Button
</button>

<script setup>
  import comp from "./Comp.vue"
  import {ref} from "vue"
  const a = ref("hello")
  const b = ref("world")
</script>

<template>
  <comp v-bind="{a, b}"></comp>
</template>

const props = defineProps({
  a: String,
  b: String
})

{{ number + 1 }}
{{ ok ? 'YES' : 'NO' }}
{{ message.split('').reverse().join('') }}

<div :id="`list-${id}`"></div>

<!-- 这是一个语句，而非表达式 -->
{{ var a = 1 }}
<!-- 条件控制也不支持，请使用三元表达式 -->
{{ if (ok) { return message } }}

<span :title="toTitleDate(date)">
  {{ formatDate(date) }}
</span>

<p v-if="seen">Now you see me</p>

<a v-bind:href="url"> ... </a>
<!-- 简写 -->
<a :href="url"> ... </a>

<a v-on:click="doSomething"> ... </a>
<!-- 简写 -->
<a @click="doSomething"> ... </a>

<a v-bind:[attributeName]="url"> ... </a>
<!-- 简写 -->
<a :[attributeName]="url"> ... </a>

<a v-on:[eventName]="doSomething"> ... </a>
<!-- 简写 -->
<a @[eventName]="doSomething">

<form @submit.prevent="onSubmit">
  ...
</form>

v-on:submit.prevent="onSubmit"
──┬─ ─┬──── ─┬─────  ─┬──────
  ┆   ┆      ┆        ╰─ Value 解释为JS表达式
  ┆   ┆      ╰─ Modifiers 由前导点表示
  ┆   ╰─ Argument 跟随冒号或速记符号
  ╰─ Name 以 v- 开头使用速记时可以省略

<div>{{ state.count }}</div>

import { defineComponent, reactive } from 'vue';

// `defineComponent`用于IDE推导类型
export default defineComponent({
  // setup 用于组合式 API 的特殊钩子函数
  setup() {
    const state = reactive({ count: 0 });

    // 暴露 state 到模板
    return {
      state
    };
  },
});

<button @click="increment">
  {{ state.count }}
</button>

import { defineComponent, reactive } from 'vue';

export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    const state = reactive({ count: 0 });

    function increment() {
      state.count++;
    }

    // 不要忘记同时暴露 increment 函数
    return {
      state,
      increment
    };
  },
})

<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue';

const state = reactive({ count: 0 })

function increment() {
  state.count++
}
</script>

<template>
  <button @click="increment">
    {{ state.count }}
  </button>
</template>

import { ref } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0);

console.log(count); // { value: 0 }
console.log(count.value); // 0
count.value++;
console.log(count.value); // 1
const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 });

// 这是响应式的替换
objectRef.value = { count: 1 };
const obj = {
  foo: ref(1),
  bar: ref(2)
};
// 该函数接收一个 ref
// 需要通过 .value 取值
// 但它会保持响应性
callSomeFunction(obj.foo);

// 仍然是响应式的
const { foo, bar } = obj;

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0);
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    {{ count }}
  </div>
</template>

import { reactive, defineComponent, onUnmounted } from 'vue';
import { debounce } from 'lodash-es';

export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    // 每个实例都有了自己的预置防抖的处理函数
    const debouncedClick = debounce(click, 500);

    function click() {
      // ... 对点击的响应 ...
    }

    // 最好是在组件卸载时
    // 清除掉防抖计时器
    onUnmounted(() => {
      debouncedClick.cancel();
    });
  },
});

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const open = ref(false);
</script>

<template>
  <button @click="open = !open">Toggle</button>
  <div>Hello Vue!</div>  
</template>

<style scope>
  div{
    transition: height 0.1s linear;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: v-bind(open ? '30px' : '0px');
  }
</style>

<script setup>
import { ref, watch } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0)
const isEvent = ref(false)

function increment() {
  state.count++
}

watch(count, function() {
  isEvent.value = count.value % 2 === 0
})
</script>

<template>
  <button @click="increment">
    {{ count }}
  </button>
  <p>
    is event: {{ isEvent ? 'yes' : 'no' }}
  </p>
</template>

watch(count, function() {
  isEvent.value = count.value % 2 === 0
}, {
  // 上例中的 watch 不会立即执行，导致 isEvent 状态的初始值不准确。配置立即执行，会在一开始的时候立即执行一次
  immediate: true
})

<template>
  <h1> {{ count1 }} </h1>
  <h1> {{ count2 }} </h1>
  <button @click="count1++">count1</button>
  <button @click="count2++">count2</button>
</template>

<script setup>
  import { watch, ref } from 'vue';
  
  const count1 = ref(0)
  const count2 = ref(0)
  
  watch(
    // 监听的表达式或函数
    () => ({
      count1: count1.value,
      count2: count2.value
    }),
    // 回调函数
    (newValue, oldValue) => {
      // 在这里执行需要的逻辑
      console.log('count1 或 count2 变化了：', newValue);
    },
    // immediate: true 表示在初始渲染时立即执行一次回调函数，以便处理初始的状态。
    // deep: true 表示深度监听，即对 newValue 和 oldValue 进行深层比较，而不是简单的引用比较。
    { immediate: true, deep: true }
  );
</script>

<style scoped>
</style>

<script setup>
import { ref, computed } from 'vue';

const text = ref('')
// computed 的回调函数里
// 会根据已有并用到的状态计算出新的状态
const capital = computed(function(){
  return text.value.toUpperCase();
})
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="text" />
  <p>to capital: {{ capital }}</p>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';

// 这里可以将 `username` 解构出来，
// 但是一旦解构出来再使用，就不具备响应式能力
defineProps({
  username: String
})
</script>

<template>
  <p>username: {{ username }}</p>
</template>

<script setup>
const username = 'vue'
</script>

<template>
  <children :username="username" />
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineEmits, ref } from 'vue';

const emit = defineEmits(['search'])
const keyword = ref('')
const onSearch = function() {
  emit('search', keyword.value)
}
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="keyword" />
  <button @click="onSearch">search</button>
</template>

<script setup>
const onSearch = function(keyword){
  console.log(keyword)
}
</script>

<template>
  <children @search="onSearch" />
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineExpose, ref } from 'vue';

const keyword = ref('')
const onSearch = function() {
  console.log(keyword.value)
}

defineExpose({ onSearch })
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="keyword" />
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'  

const childrenRef = ref(null)
const onSearch = function() {
  childrenRef.value.onSearch()
}
</script>

<template>
  <children ref='childrenRef' />
  <button @click="onSearch">search</button>
</template>

import type { InjectionKey, Ref } from 'vue'

export const ProvideKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<Ref<string>>

<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
import { ProvideKey } from './types'

const text = ref<string>('123')
provide(ProvideKey, text)
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="text" />
</template>

<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
import { ProvideKey } from './types'

const value = inject(ProvideKey)
</script>

<template>
  <h4>{{value}}</h4>
</template>

<script setup lang="ts">
const props = defineProps({
  foo: { type: String, required: true },
  bar: Number
})

props.foo // string
props.bar // number | undefined
</script>

interface Props {/* ... */}

defineProps<Props>()

export interface Props {
  msg?: string
  labels?: string[]
}

const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
  msg: 'hello',
  labels: () => ['one', 'two']
})

<script setup lang="ts">
interface Props {
  name: string
  count?: number
}

// 对 defineProps() 的响应性解构
// 默认值会被编译为等价的运行时选项
const {
  name, count = 100
} = defineProps<Props>()
</script>

<script setup lang="ts">
// 运行时
const emit = defineEmits(['change', 'update'])

// 基于类型
const emit = defineEmits<{
  (e: 'change', id: number): void
  (e: 'update', value: string): void
}>()
</script>

import { ref } from 'vue'
import type { Ref } from 'vue'

const year: Ref<string | number> = ref('2020')

year.value = 2020 // 成功！

import { reactive } from 'vue'

interface Book {
  title: string
  year?: number
}

const book: Book = reactive({
  title: 'Vue 3 指引'
})

const double = computed<number>(() => {
  // 若返回值不是 number 类型则会报错
})

<script setup lang="ts">
function handleChange(event) {
  // `event` 隐式地标注为 `any` 类型
  console.log(event.target.value)
}
</script>

<template>
  <input
    type="text"
    @change="handleChange" />
</template>

function handleChange(event: Event) {
  const target = event.target as HTMLInputElement
  console.log(target.value)
}

import { provide, inject } from 'vue'
import type { InjectionKey } from 'vue'

const key = Symbol() as InjectionKey<string>
// 若提供的是非字符串值会导致错误
provide(key, 'foo')
// foo 的类型：string | undefined
const foo = inject(key)

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'

const el = ref<HTMLInputElement | null>(null)

onMounted(() => {
  el.value?.focus()
})
</script>

<template>
  <input ref="el" />
</template>

<!-- MyModal.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'

const isContentShown = ref(false)
const open = 
      () => (isContentShown.value = true)

defineExpose({
  open
})
</script>

<!-- App.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import MyModal from './MyModal.vue'

type Modal = InstanceType<typeof MyModal>

const modal = ref<Modal | null>(null)

const openModal = () => {
  modal.value?.open()
}
</script>

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

export default defineComponent({
  // 启用了类型推导
  props: {
    name: String,
    id: [Number, String],
    msg: { type: String, required: true },
    metadata: null
  },
  mounted() {
    // 类型：string | undefined
    this.name
    // 类型：number|string|undefined
    this.id
    // 类型：string
    this.msg
    // 类型：any
    this.metadata
  }
})

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
import type { PropType } from 'vue'

interface Book {
  title: string
  author: string
  year: number
}

export default defineComponent({
  props: {
    book: {
      // 提供相对 `Object` 更确定的类型
      type: Object as PropType<Book>,
      required: true
    },
    // 也可以标记函数
    callback: Function as PropType<(id: number) => void>
  },
  mounted() {
    this.book.title // string
    this.book.year // number

    // TS Error: argument of type 'string' is not
    // assignable to parameter of type 'number'
    this.callback?.('123')
  }
})

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

type Payload = { bookName: string }

export default defineComponent({
  emits: {
    addBook(payload: Payload) {
      // 执行运行时校验
      return payload.bookName.length > 0
    }
  },
  methods: {
    onSubmit() {
      this.$emit('addBook', {
        bookName: 123 // 类型错误
      })
      // 类型错误
      this.$emit('non-declared-event')
    }
  }
})

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

export default defineComponent({
  data() {
    return {
      message: 'Hello!'
    }
  },
  computed: {
    greeting() {
      return this.message + '!'
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.greeting // 类型：string
  }
})

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

export default defineComponent({
  data() {
    return {
      message: 'Hello!'
    }
  },
  computed: {
    // 显式标注返回类型
    greeting(): string {
      return this.message + '!'
    },

    // 标注一个可写的计算属性
    greetingUppercased: {
      get(): string {
        return this.greeting.toUpperCase()
      },
      set(newValue: string) {
        this.message = newValue.toUpperCase()
      }
    }
  }
})

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

export default defineComponent({
  methods: {
    handleChange(event: Event) {
      console.log((event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)
    }
  }
})

import axios from 'axios'

declare module 'vue' {
  interface ComponentCustomProperties {
    $http: typeof axios
    $translate: (key: string) => string
  }
}

// 不工作，将覆盖原始类型。
declare module 'vue' {
  interface ComponentCustomProperties {
    $translate: (key: string) => string
  }
}

// 正常工作。
export {}

declare module 'vue' {
  interface ComponentCustomProperties {
    $translate: (key: string) => string
  }
}

import { defineComponent } from 'vue'

export default defineComponent({
  beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next) {
    // ...
  }
})

import { Route } from 'vue-router'

declare module 'vue' {
  interface ComponentCustomOptions {
    beforeRouteEnter?(
      to: Route,
      from: Route,
      next: () => void
    ): void
  }
}